Search There are 255 resultsAbout Cancer Getting cancer informationIt’s important to get clear information about your disease and treatment so that you can make good decisions and take care of yourself well. Click the link to learn more. Cancer information supergateway for reviewReliable information to help you understand cancer, recognise the signs and symptoms and know what to expect and how to cope if you are affected by a cancer diagnosis. Інформація про рак / Cancer information for UkrainiansІрландське онкологічне товариство — це національна благодійна організація проти раку в Ірландії, яка підтримує хворих на рак та їхні родини. Натисніть посилання, щоб дізнатися, як ми можемо вас підтримати. About children's cancerInformation about children's cancer including what kinds of cancer affect children. Cancer Fact or Fiction?The Irish Cancer Society's research team addresses the questions of the public seeking scientific evidence behind certain aspects of cancer they have heard about or read about online. Click the link to read our evidence-based cancer-related information. Coping with bladder cancerYou are not alone on your cancer journey. We have information, services and support to help you. You are not alone on your cancer journey. We have information, services and support to help you. Read more, Ovarian cancerOvarian cancer is when the normal cells in the ovary change and grow to form a tumour. About 370 women in Ireland each year are diagnosed with ovarian cancer. Coping with vaginal cancerYou are not alone on your cancer journey. We have information, services and support to help you. Cervical cancerCancer of the cervix is cancer of the cells lining your cervix. At first, abnormal (pre-cancerous) changes occur. These abnormal cells are called cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) Kidney cancer treatmentSurgery is the main treatment for kidney cancer that hasn’t spread. Surgery aims to remove the tumour. Early-stage kidney cancer is often cured by surgery alone. Breast cancer treatmentThe main treatment options for breast cancer are: surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy (anti-oestrogen drugs) and more. Cervical cancer treatmentThe way cervical cancer is treated mainly depends on: the size and stage of your cancer, the type of cervical cancer you have, your general health, your age and fertility, and your own wishes. Thyroid cancer treatmentTreatment for thyroid cancer includes surgery, radioactive iodine therapy and thyroid hormone therapy. The right treatment plan for you will depend mainly on the type of thyroid cancer you have and the stage of your cancer Bowel cancer treatmentTreatments for bowel cancer include surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapies and immunotherapy. The type of treatment you have will depend on:he size of the tumour, where the cancer is in your body, if it has spread to your lymph nodes or other parts of your body and your general health. Coping with uterine (womb) cancerCancer can affect your emotions as well as your body and it's important to care for your mental health. We have information to help you cope with the news that you have cancer and adjust to all the changes this can bring. Coping with laryngeal cancerGetting a laryngeal cancer diagnosis and getting treatment can be one of the biggest challenges many people will ever face. Uterine (womb) cancerUterine (womb) cancer is when the cells in the uterus (womb) change and grow in an abnormal way. A group of these cancer cells can form a tumour. About 570 women are diagnosed with uterine cancer every year in Ireland. Most uterine cancers occur in women aged 50 to 64. Vulval cancerCancer of the vulva is when the cells in the vulva change and grow in an abnormal way. About 70* women in Ireland are diagnosed with vulval cancer each year. Coping with anal cancerAn anal cancer diagnosis and treatment can be one a massive challenge that many people will will find difficult. There are man supports and resources available. Coping with breast cancerGetting a breast cancer diagnosis and going through treatment can be one of the biggest challenges many people will ever face. Coping with cervical cancerCancer can affect your emotions as well as your body and it's important to care for your mental health. Coping with eye cancerGetting a cancer diagnosis and going through treatment can be one of the biggest challenges many people will ever face. Coping with thyroid cancerTrying to manage work and finances and dealing with day-to day tasks can be challenging when you are coping with cancer. Coping with kidney cancerThere are things you can do yourself to feel as well as possible before, during and after your treatment, such as eating well, being physically active and stopping smoking. Coping with bowel cancerGetting a cancer diagnosis and going through treatment can be one of the biggest challenges many people will ever face. Vaginal cancerVaginal cancer is a rare cancer of the female reproductive system. Vaginal cancer is when normal cells in the vagina change and grow in an abnormal way. These cells can form a malignant (cancerous) tumour. Vaginal cancer is rare. About 20* women in Ireland are diagnosed with it each year. Oesophageal cancer after treatmentAfter your cancer treatment has ended, you will still need regular appointments with your cancer specialist. This is called follow-up. Laryngeal cancer signs and symptomsSymptoms of laryngeal cancer can be: hoarse voice for longer than 4 weeks change in the sound of your voice or a lump in your throat or neck. Vaginal cancer treatmentsTreatment for vaginal cancer includes surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Thyroid cancer after treatmentAfter your cancer treatment has ended, you will still need regular appointments with your cancer specialist. This is called follow-up. Follow-up may involve having thyroid surveillance. Breast cancer after treatmentAfter your cancer treatment has ended, you will still need regular appointments with your cancer specialist. This is called follow-up. Your doctor will discuss your follow-up plan with you. Bladder cancer after treatmentAfter your cancer treatment has ended, you will still need regular appointments with your cancer specialist. This is called follow-up. Your doctor will discuss your follow-up plan with you. After anal cancer treatmentAfter your cancer treatment has ended, you will still need regular appointments with your cancer specialist. The follow-up may involve having a physical exam, an X-ray, scans or blood tests. Kidney cancer after treatmentNo matter what type of cancer treatment you have, you will still need regular check-ups once it is over. This is called follow-up. At first these visits to your specialist will be quite often, sometimes every 3 to 6 months, especially for the first 2 years. Laryngeal cancer after treatmentNo matter what type of cancer treatment you have, you will still need regular check-ups once it is over. This is called follow-up. Lung cancer after treatmentIt's likely that you will be seen by your specialist cancer team every 3–6 months. These check-ups will become less frequent over time. Eye cancer after treatmentNo matter what type of cancer treatment you get, you will still need regular check-ups once it is over. This is called follow-up. Cervical cancer after treatmentFollow-up may involve having physical exams, blood tests, and scans. Ask any questions you have, and to let your doctor know if you are having any problems. Thyroid cancer signs and symptomsSymptoms of thyroid cancer can be: a painless or painful lump in your neck, which gradually gets bigger, difficulty in swallowing or breathing, changes to your voice, including hoarseness. Symptoms may be vague at first - thyroid cancer usually grows very slowly. Kidney cancer signs and symptomsSymptoms of kidney cancer can be blood in your urine - the blood may not be there all the time but might come and go. A lump in the kidney area, painful spasms in your kidney tubes or bladder, read more. Cervical cancer signs and symptomsSymptoms of cervical cancer can be abnormal vaginal bleeding. For example, bleeding between your periods, after sex or after the menopause also abnormal vaginal discharge that may have a foul smell, read more. Anal cancer signs and symptomsSigns and symptoms of anal cancer can be: bleeding from your back passage, small lumps around your anus, pain or discomfort in the anal area, read more. Vulval cancer signs and symptomsOften vulval cancer does not cause any early symptoms. The most common symptoms are: Itching, burning and soreness of the vulva that doesn’t go away. A wart-like growth on the skin of the vulva or a lump or a swelling of your vulva. Breast cancer signs and symptomsThe symptoms you get depend on the type of breast cancer you have. They can include: a lump or thickening in your breast or armpit, a change in size or shape of your breast such as one breast becoming larger than the other, read more. Anal cancer treatmentAnal cancer can be treated with: chemoradiation (chemotherapy and radiotherapy together), chemotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery, read more. Eye cancer signs and symptomsPossible symptoms of eye cancer include: bulging of the eye, complete or partial loss of sight, blurred vision, loss of peripheral vision (at the edges of your field of vision) or pale raised lump on the surface of the eye. Laryngeal cancer treatmentRadiotherapy is the most common treatment for laryngeal cancer, but there are a number of other treatment options too. Your medical team will recommend the best option for you. Gall bladder cancer diagnosis and testsTests can diagnose gallbladder cancer or give more information about where the cancer is and how it might grow. Bowel cancer signs and symptomsNot everyone will get every symptom, or get symptoms in any particular order. However, if you notice any of these changes, always get them checked by your doctor (GP). Bowel cancer after treatmentIf you had surgery, your first visit might be 2–6 weeks afterwards. At first you will see your doctor quite often, sometimes every 3 to 6 months, especially for the first 2 years. Eye cancer treatmentThe aim of treatment is to destroy the cancer cells, stop the cancer coming back, and to save as much of your sight as possible. The treatment you will receive will depend on: the type of eye cancer you have, the size of the tumour and more. Vulval cancer after treatmentAfter your cancer treatment has ended, you will still need regular appointments with your cancer specialist. This is called follow-up. Follow-up may involve having a physical exam, blood tests and scans. Your doctor will discuss your follow-up plan with you. Penile cancer after treatmentFollow-up may involve having physical exams, blood tests, X-rays and CT scans. Ask any questions you have, and to let your doctor know if you are having any problems. Tell them about any new symptoms, aches or pains you have, or if you are finding it hard to cope. Eye cancer diagnosis and testsTests you might have include: eye exam, ultrasound scan, angiography or a biopsy. Bladder cancerBladder cancer starts when abnormal cells appear in the lining of your bladder or in the bladder wall. There are 2 main types: Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer and muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Cervical cancer diagnosis and testsWhen diagnosing cervical cancer your family doctor (GP) will talk to you about your symptoms and / or your cervical screening test results. They may do some tests like a cervical examination or internal examination. Diagnosis and tests for laryngeal cancerTests for laryngeal cancer can include: nasendoscopy where your doctor puts the tube into your nose and down into your throat. Laryngoscopy this is an exam of your larynx under general anaesthetic. It is like a nasendoscopy. Diagnosis and tests for anal cancerYour family doctor (GP) will talk to you about your symptoms and do a rectal examination. This is where your doctor puts a gloved finger into your back passage to feel for any lumps or swelling. This quick test may be slightly uncomfortable but does not hurt. Kidney cancer diagnosis and testsour GP will refer you to hospital if they think you need more tests. Tests you might have include: a urine sample check, blood tests, cystoscopy, CT scan or an MRI scan. Vulval cancer diagnosis and testsYour family doctor (GP) will talk to you about your symptoms. Your GP will refer you to hospital if they think you need more tests. Tests you might have include: pelvic exam or even a biopsy Vaginal cancer diagnosis and testsYour GP will refer you to hospital if they think you need more tests. Other tests you might have include: a pelvic exam or a colposcopy Thyroid cancer diagnosis and testsYour GP will refer you to hospital if they think you need more tests. Tests you might have include: fine-needle aspiration or surgical biopsy. Coping with bile duct cancerGetting a cancer diagnosis and going through treatment can be one of the biggest challenges many people will ever face. Coping with gall bladder cancerGetting a gall bladder cancer diagnosis and going through treatment can be one of the biggest challenges many people will ever face. Diagnosis and tests for bowel cancerYour family doctor (GP) will talk to you about your symptoms. He or she may do some tests such as: Digital rectal exams (DRE), blood tests or giving a stool sample. Uterine (womb) cancer signs and symptomsSymptoms of uterine cancer can included bleeding after the menopause, bleeding between periods, heavier periods than normal and abnormal vaginal discharge that may have an odour and be dark pink or blood stained. Breast cancer diagnosis and testsYour family doctor (GP) will talk to you about your symptoms and will examine your breast area. They will refer you to a breast clinic if they think you need more tests. This doesn’t mean you have cancer. Remember, 9 out of 10 breast lumps are harmless. After treatment for bile duct cancerAfter your cancer treatment has ended, you will still need regular appointments with your cancer specialist. This is called follow-up. Your doctor will discuss your follow-up plan with you. Gall bladder cancer signs and symptomsGall bladder cancer often has no symptoms in the early stages of the disease. Some gall bladder cancers are found by chance. The symptoms include: abdominal pain, especially in your right-hand side or feeling or being sick. Gall bladder cancer treatmentThe main treatment for gall bladder cancer is surgery. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy may also be used. Gall bladder cancer after treatmentThe follow-up may involve having a physical exam, an ERCP or blood tests. You will also have the chance to ask any questions you have, and to let your doctor know if you are having any problems or finding it hard to cope. Pancreatic cancerPancreatic cancer affects almost 600* people in Ireland each year. The most common type of pancreatic cancer is adenocarcinoma. Prostate cancerAbout 4,000 men are diagnosed with prostate cancer each year in Ireland. This means that 1 in 6 men will be diagnosed with prostate cancer during their lifetime. Bile duct cancer treatmentHow is bile duct cancer treated? Surgery, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy and occasionally radiotherapy are used to treat bile duct cancer. The best treatment for you will depend on many factors, read more. Bile duct cancer signs and symptomsBile duct cancer often has no symptoms in the early stages of the disease. Some bile duct cancers are found by chance. Symptoms can include: jaundice (yellowing of your eyes and skin) dark urine pale stools (poo) abdominal pain, tiredness and more. Anal cancerAnal cancer is a change in the cells in the anal canal. As the cancer grows it forms a collection of cells (tumour). This tumour can cause a blockage and cause symptoms. It is a rare cancer and is different from bowel cancer Kidney cancerKidney cancer is when kidney cancer cells change and grow in an abnormal way. A group of these cancer cells can form a tumour. Sometimes more than one tumour can develop. Penile cancerPenile cancer is a rare type of cancer that occurs on the surface of the penis or in the penis. About 50 men are diagnosed with penile cancer in Ireland every year. It is most common in those over the age of 50. Lung cancerLung cancer is the 4th most common cancer in Ireland, with almost 2,600* people being diagnosed each year. It usually affects people over the age of 50. Oesophageal cancerOesophageal cancer is more common in people aged over 60. It affects more men than women. Around 520 people are diagnosed with it in Ireland every year. Liver cancerPrimary liver cancer is a cancer that starts when liver cells change and grow in an abnormal way to form a group of cells called a tumour. Breast cancerBreast cancer is when cells in your breast change and grow in an abnormal way. A group of these cancer cells can form a tumour. Breast cancer is a common cancer in Ireland. Almost 3,600 women and approximately 30 men are diagnosed with breast cancer each year. Testicular cancerTesticular cancer is when normal cells in the testicles change and grow into cancer. Testicular cancer affects about 170* men in Ireland each year. It is the most common cancer diagnosed in young men aged 15 & 34 years. Thyroid cancerThyroid cancer happens when cells in your thyroid change and start to grow in an abnormal way. Thyroid cancer affects about 280 people in Ireland each year. It is more common in women and in people over 40. There are two main types of DTC: papillary thyroid cancer and follicular thyroid cancer. Stomach cancerStomach cancer is more common in people aged over 55 and affects more men than women. About 570 people are diagnosed with it in Ireland every year. Stomach cancer happens when cells in the stomach change and over time develop into a tumour. Diagnosis and tests for bile duct cancerYour family doctor (GP) will talk to you about your symptoms and may do blood tests like: a full blood count, kidney liver function tests and more. Glossary of cancer termsIf you're new to cancer and what it means, it can be challenging to figure out how to familiarise yourself with the terminology. We collected the most common cancer terms to help you make sense of it all. Click the link to learn more. Lung cancer treatment Bowel (colorectal) cancerBowel cancer is when the normal cells in your bowel grow in an abnormal way to form a lump called a tumour. The bowel is part of your digestive system. This cancer may cause a blockage in your bowel, which can affect how your bowel works. Coping with liver cancerWe have information to help you cope with the news that you have cancer and adjust to all the changes this can bring. Coping with pancreatic cancerWe have information to help you cope with the news that you have cancer and adjust to all the changes this can bring. Coping with vulval cancerWe have information to help you cope with the news that you have cancer and adjust to all the changes this can bring. About cancerGeneral information to help you understand cancer and what causes it. Click the link to learn more. Metastatic prostate cancerMetastatic prostate cancer is when prostate cancer cells have spread to other parts of your body, away from the prostate gland. It is also known as advanced or secondary prostate cancer. Eye cancerEye cancer describes a cancer that develops in cells in one of the parts of the eye. The type of cancer that develops depends on the type of cell it begins in. Skin cancerSkin cancer is the most common cancer in Ireland, with over 11,000 new cases diagnosed every year. The National Cancer Registry of Ireland (NCRI) expects this number to double by 2040. Laryngeal cancerWhen cancer develops in your larynx, the cells change and grow in an abnormal way and form a tumour. The tumour can affect how your voice works. Nasopharayngeal cancerNasopharayngeal cancer is rare. We have information and advice to help you cope with a rare cancer. Tongue cancerTongue cancer is rare. We have information and advice to help you cope with a rare cancer. Tonsil cancerTonsil cancer is rare. We have information and advice to help you cope with a rare cancer. Metastatic breast cancerMetastatic breast cancer is cancer that has spread from the first (primary) tumour in your breast to another part of your body. It is also known as secondary breast cancer, advanced breast cancer or stage 4 breast cancer. Blood cancersBlood cancers affect blood cells. For example, leukaemia (white blood cells), lymphoma (lymphocyte cells) and myeloma (plasma cells). Click the link to learn more. Stomach cancer treatmentStomach cancer can be treated in the following ways: surgery, chemotherapy and also targeted therapies. Pancreatic cancer treatmentHow is pancreatic cancer treated? Your treatment will depend on: the type and stage of pancreatic cancer, where the tumour is in the pancreas and your general health and if surgery is possible. Prostate cancer treatmentWhich treatment options are suitable for you depends on: the stage and grade of your cancer your PSA level, the size of your prostate gland Liver cancer treatmentLiver cancer can be treated using surgical and non-surgical treatments. The best treatment for liver cancer depends on: the stage of the cancer, the size of the tumour or tumours and the location of the cancer. Testicular cancer treatmentAlmost everyone with testicular cancer has surgery to remove the affected testicle. The aim is to cure the cancer. The cure rate for testicular cancer is very high. Actual figures depend on the stage and type of your cancer. Ovarian cancer treatmentThe treatment you receive will depend on the type and stage of ovarian cancer you have, as well as your general health. Your case will be reviewed by a multidisciplinary team (MDT) who will recommend the treatment plan that’s most appropriate for you. Ear cancer Mouth, head and neck cancerMouth, head and neck cancers affect over 760 people in Ireland each year. They include all cancers affecting the organs and tissues of the mouth, head or neck.* Non-melanoma skin cancerNon-melanoma skin cancer is the most common cancer in Ireland. Around 10,000 people are diagnosed with it each year. It tends to develop on the outer layer of the skin that is exposed to the sun. Mouth and oropharyngeal cancerMouth and oropharyngeal cancers are rare. We have information and advice to help you cope with a rare cancer. Signet cell cancerSignet cell cancer is rare. We have information and advice to help you cope with a rare cancer. Small bowel cancerSmall bowel cancer is rare. We have information and advice to help you cope with a rare cancer. Salivary gland cancerSalivary gland cancer is rare. We have information and advice to help you cope with a rare cancer. Thymus gland cancerThymus gland cancer is rare. We have information and advice to help you cope with a rare cancer. Coping with oesophageal cancerGetting a cancer diagnosis and going through treatment can be one of the biggest challenges many people will ever face. Coping with ovarian cancerTrying to manage work and finances and dealing with day-to day tasks can be challenging when you are coping with cancer. Coping with prostate cancerCancer can affect your emotions as well as your body and it's important to care for your mental health. Coping with testicular cancerGetting a cancer diagnosis and going through treatment can be one of the biggest challenges many people will ever face. Coping with penile cancerGetting a cancer diagnosis and going through treatment can be one of the biggest challenges many people will ever face. Coping with stomach cancerGetting a cancer diagnosis and going through treatment can be one of the biggest challenges many people will ever face. Bile duct cancerBile duct cancer is a primary liver cancer. When cancer develops in a bile duct, the cells change and grow in an abnormal way. As the cancer grows it forms a collection of cells (tumour). Coping with lung cancerThere are things you can do yourself to feel as well as possible before, during and after your treatment, such as eating well, being physically active and stopping smoking. Gall bladder cancerWhen cancer develops in your gall bladder, the cells change and grow in an abnormal way. As the cancer grows it forms a collection of cells (tumour). Uterine (womb) cancer treatmentUterine (womb) cancer can be treatment in the following ways: surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy. Cancer and genesCancer is caused by changes in certain genes, such as those that control how cells grow and multiply and those that help repair DNA. Click the link to learn more. Liver cancer symptomsIn the early stages primary liver cancer may have no symptoms or symptoms may be vague. Symptoms can include: unexplained weight loss, nausea (feeling sick) or vomiting, swelling or pain in your tummy. Bone cancerPrimary bone cancer is a rare cancer that starts in the bones. It is also called bone sarcoma. This is different to metastatic (secondary) cancer, which spreads to the bones from somewhere else in the body. Metastatic breast cancer treatmentHormone therapy, targeted therapies and chemotherapy are the main treatments for metastatic breast cancer. Metastatic breast cancer can be treated but not cured. Metastatic prostate cancer treatmentMetastatic prostate cancer treatments aim to slow down the growth and spread of the cancer, relieve any symptoms you have and improve your quality of life. Cancer signs and symptomsInformation on how to check your body for signs, symptoms or changes so you can learn to spot cancer early. BRCA and cancerA change (genetic alteration) in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene can stop it from working correctly, which can increase the risk of certain cancers, such as breast and ovarian cancer. Click the link to learn how this may affect you if you have either of these genes. Oesophageal cancer treatmentYour treatment plan will depend on: the stage and grade of your cancer and the type of oesophageal cancer. Surgery for kidney cancer Surgery for pancreatic cancer Surgery for penile cancer Vulval cancer treatmentThe best treatment for you will depend on: the size of the cancer and where is it, if the cancer has spread beyond the vulva and your general health. Bladder cancer treatmentThe treatment or treatments your doctors recommend for you are based on the latest research and international guidelines about the best ways to treat bladder cancer. Male breast cancer Types of oesophageal cancer Cancer statisticsAn estimated 44,000 people in Ireland get cancer each year. This figure comprises both invasive (cancers that can spread beyond their original site) and non-invasive tumours (cancers that do not spread). Click the link to learn more. Penile cancer treatmentThe treatment for penile cancer will depend on how developed the cancer is and your general health. Treatment options include: topical treatments (treatments applied to the skin), surgery, radiotherapy, read more. Nasal and paranasal sinus cancerNasal and paranasal sinus cancer is rare. We have information and advice to help you cope with a rare cancer. Stomach cancer signs and symptomsSymptoms of stomach cancer, ongoing indigestion, heartburn or burping, difficulty swallowing, feeling full or bloated after eating. Coping with metastatic breast cancerHearing that cancer has spread to another part of your body or that it has come back after treatment can be a huge shock. We have information on coping with a metastatic cancer diagnosis. What is cancer?Cancer is a disease of the cells in our body. All the cells in our body are constantly growing, dividing, dying and being replaced in a controlled way. Cancer occurs when normal cells grow and change in an abnormal and uncontrolled way. Bladder cancer signs and symptomsTesting for bladder cancer when you have no symptoms is called screening. There is no national bladder cancer screening programme in Ireland at present. If you are concerned about bladder cancer, talk to your GP. Vaginal cancer signs and symptomsMany vaginal cancers do not cause any symptoms in the early stages. The symptoms of vaginal cancer include: vaginal bleeding, often after sexual intercourse, abnormal vaginal discharge that may smell or be blood stained, pain during sexual intercourse or a lump or swelling. Prostate cancer signs and symptomsProstate cancer usually only causes symptoms when it has grown large enough to disturb your bladder or press on the tube that drains urine. These symptoms are called prostate urinary symptoms. Testicular cancer signs and symptomsIf the cancer is only in the testicle: a painless lump or swelling in a testicle, a pain or discomfort in a testicle or in the scrotum, groin or abdomen (tummy), an enlarged testicle or change in the way your testicle feels. Pancreatic cancer signs and symptomsSymptoms of pancreatic cancer can be: pain or discomfort in your tummy area, which may spread to your back, unexplained weight loss and Indigestion. Read more Ovarian cancer signs and symptomsOvarian cancer can be hard to spot at first, as there may be no symptoms or only mild, vague symptoms early on. Symptoms include: bloated feeling, persistent swollen tummy and more. Oesophageal cancer signs and symptomsSymptoms of oesophageal cancer, difficulty swallowing (dysphagia), heartburn (acid reflux) that won't go away, Pain in your breastbone, back or throat. Lung cancer signs and symptomsSymptoms of lung cancer can include: wheezing or difficulty breathing, a cough that doesn’t go away, or a change to an existing cough. Repeated chest infections that won’t go away, even after antibiotics. Surgery for oesophageal cancerSurgery is the most common treatment for cancer that hasn’t spread outside the oesophagus. Chemotherapy for breast cancerChemotherapy is a treatment using drugs to kill cancer cells. Cancer and pregnancyCancer during pregnancy is very rare. If you are diagnosed with cancer during your pregnancy, you will be cared for by a specialist team. Click the link to learn about potential outcomes, how your treatment may differ, and more. Penile cancer signs and symptomsSymptoms of penile cancer, growth or sore that doesn't heal within 4 weeks – it can look like a wart or blister, bleeding from your penis or from under the foreskin, a foul-smelling discharge under the foreskin (not ejaculation) or swelling that makes it difficult to draw back the foreskin (phimosis). Mouth, head and neck cancer treatmentThere are a number of treatments for mouth, head and neck cancer. Your team will recommend the best option for you: surgery, radiotherapy or chemotherapy Non-melanoma skin cancer treatmentMost people with non-melanoma skin cancer are completely cured with surgery alone. However, there are a number of treatments that can be considered: surgery or cryotherapy. Radiotherapy for cervical cancerRadiotherapy for cervical cancer can be used as part of treatment or to relieve symptoms of advanced cancer. Click the link to learn more. Radiotherapy for breast cancerRadiotherapy is often used for breast cancer. There are 2 types of radiotherapy for breast cancer - external radiotherapy and internal radiotherapy. Surgery for ovarian cancerSurgery is one of the main treatments for ovarian cancer. The aim of surgery is to remove as much of the cancer as possible. This is known as cyto-reductive or debulking surgery. Coping with metastatic cancerMetastatic cancer can bring about a range of emotions that can be difficult to manage. Click the link to learn how we can help and support you through this time. Coping with a cancer diagnosisIt’s normal to feel upset when you are told that you have cancer. You are likely to experience a range of emotions throughout your diagnosis, treatment and recovery. Click the link to learn some coping tips. Ovarian cancer diagnosis and testsTests you can have for diagnosing ovarian cancer might include: ultrasound scan, transvaginal, ultrasound, laparoscopy, read more. Surgery for cervical cancerSurgery aims to remove the cancer and the area close to it. There are different ways of doing surgery for cervical cancer, depending on the stage of your cancer. Learn about the various types of surgeries that are used to help treat cervical cancer via the link. What are the types of breast cancer? Risk and prevention of bowel cancer Treatment for metastatic cancerTreatment for metastatic cancer is usually to keep the cancer under control rather than to cure it. It's possible to live with metastatic cancer for a long time. Click the link to learn more about what you can expect to happen. Family history of BRCA or related cancersIf there is a history of cancers related to BRCA in your family or family members have an altered BRCA gene, you may worry about what this means for you. Lymph node surgery for breast cancerInformation about surgery to remove your lymph nodes if the cancer has spread. Pancreatic cancer diagnosis and testsDepending on your test results, you may be referred to The National Surgical Centre for pancreatic Cancer at St Vincent's, Dublin and Cork University Hospital. Lung cancer diagnosis and testsIf you doctor thinks you need more tests, he or she will refer you a rapid access lung clinic. These are consultant-led assessment and diagnostic services for patients with suspected lung disease. Prostate cancer diagnosis and testsYour GP will refer you to hospital if they think you need more tests. Tests can include digital rectal examination (DRE), PSA blood test or even a Mp-MRI (multi parametric magnetic resonance imaging). Liver cancer diagnosis and testsYour GP will refer you to hospital if they think you need more tests. Tests you might have include: abdominal ultrasound scan (CEUS), CT scan, MRI scan or Liver biopsy. Oesophageal cancer diagnosis and testsYour GP will refer you to hospital if they think you need more tests. Tests you might have include: barium swallow, endoscopy and a Liver ultrasound scan. Penile cancer diagnosis and testsYour GP will refer you to a urologist (specialist) if they think you need more tests. Tests you might have include: blood tests, biopsy or fine needle aspiration. Testicular cancer diagnosis and testsYour family doctor (GP) will talk to you about your symptoms. Your GP will refer you to hospital if they think you need more tests. Tests you might have include: ultrasound of the testicle or blood tests. Stomach cancer diagnosis and testsYour GP will refer you to hospital if they think you need more tests. Tests you might have include: an endoscopy or an endoscopic ultrasound (EUS). Sexual relationships and cancerSome people grow closer to their partner after a cancer diagnosis and find that working through any sexual problems makes their sex life better than before. Diagnosis and tests for bladder cancerIf you have bladder cancer there may be cancer cells in your urine. Your blood can be tested to see that your kidneys and liver are working normally. Your blood count will also be tested. Ultrasound or a CT scans can check the kidneys, ureters (tubes that bring urine from your kidney to your bladder) and bladder. Metastatic prostate cancer signs and symptomsUrinary problems or bone pain are the most common symptoms when metastatic prostate cancer is diagnosed, but starting treatment often improves these symptoms. Side effects of cancer treatment Coping with mouth, head and neck cancerAfter your cancer treatment has ended you will still need regular check-ups. This is called follow-up. The follow-up may involve having a physical exam, blood tests and scans. Cancer of unknown primary (CUP) symptomsThe symptoms of cancer of unknown primary (CUP) can include: Feeling tired or weak, loss of appetite, unexplained weight loss and more. Click the link to learn about how to recognise the signs and symptoms of CUP. What causes cancer?Cancer is a disorder that can occur inside any cell in our body. When cancer happens, a mistake in the DNA, the genetic code of our cells, causes the cell to grow without control. Click the link to learn more. Cancer of unknown primary (CUP)If you are diagnosed with cancer of unknown primary (CUP), it means that your doctor cannot find where your cancer started. Click the link to learn more. Metastatic breast cancer signs and symptomsThe symptoms of metastatic breast cancer depend on where it is found. Symptoms may include: bone pain that does not go away, loss of power or weakness in your arms or legs, unexplained weight loss or loss of appetite and also constant feeling of nausea. Coping with metastatic prostate cancerTrying to manage work and finances and dealing with day-to day tasks can be challenging when you are coping with cancer. Targeted therapies for breast cancerTargeted therapies are drugs that target certain parts of the cancer cells that make them different from other cells. Stomach cancer after treatmentAfter your cancer treatment has ended, you will still need regular appointments with your cancer specialist. This is called follow-up. Follow-up may involve having blood tests and scans. Prostate cancer after treatmentAfter your cancer treatment has ended, you will still need regular appointments with your cancer specialist. This is called follow-up. Your doctor will discuss your follow-up plan with you. Pancreatic cancer after treatmentAfter your cancer treatment has ended, you will still need regular appointments with your cancer specialist. This is called follow-up. Your doctor will discuss your follow-up plan with you. Ovarian cancer after treatmentAfter your cancer treatment has ended, you will still need regular appointments with your cancer specialist. This is called follow-up. Your doctor will discuss your follow-up plan with you. Vaginal cancer after treatmentAfter your cancer treatment has ended, you will still need regular appointments with your cancer specialist. This is called follow-up. Follow-up may involve having a physical exam, blood tests and scans. Testicular cancer after treatmentThese appointments with the specialist will be quite frequent for the first 2 years. This is because if the cancer recurs (comes back), this is most likely to happen in the first 2 years after treatment. Liver cancer after treatmentNo matter what type of cancer treatment you have, you will still need regular check-ups once it is over. This is called follow-up. HER2-positive breast cancerHER2 is a protein that helps cancer cells to grow. HER2-positive cancers make too much HER2, so the cancer may grow more quickly. Staging and grading breast cancerStaging and grading your cancer will help your doctor plan the best treatment for you. Click the link to learn what the difference is between the two and how it is done. Treatment to relieve pancreatic cancer symptoms Diagnosis and tests for cancer of unknown primary (CUP) Metastatic prostate cancer diagnosis and testsAfter a diagnosis of metastatic prostate cancer, you may have tests such as a PSA test, biopsy, bone scan, X-rays, MRI, CT scan, PET scan or PSMA CT/PET scan. Uterine (womb) cancer diagnosis and testsYour family doctor (GP) will talk to you about your symptoms. Your GP will refer you to hospital if they think you need more tests. Tests at the hospital include: transvaginal ultrasound and Hysteroscopy Mouth, head and neck cancer signs and symptomsThe symptoms of mouth, head and neck cancers depend on where the tumour is. Some common symptoms include: a sore or ulcer that does not heal – longer than 3 weeks, a swelling or lump in your mouth or neck. Cancer of unknown primary (CUP) (Treatment) After mouth, head and neck cancer treatment Uterine (womb) cancer after treatmentGetting a cancer diagnosis and going through treatment can be one of the biggest challenges many people will ever face. Hormone therapy for metastatic breast cancerHormone therapies are often used as the first treatment for metastatic breast cancer. Hormone therapies only work for breast cancers that are hormone-receptor positive. Caring for someone with metastatic (advanced) cancerThe care for a person with metastatic cancer will depend on how their cancer is affecting them. Click the link to learn about what this may mean for you and them, including what to expect from medical care needs and more. Mouth, head and neck cancer diagnosis and testsYour GP or dentist will refer you to hospital if they think you need more tests. Other tests you might have include: physical examination and scopes. Non-melanoma skin cancer diagnosis and testsYour GP may do the procedure if they have special training in minor surgery. Or they may refer you to a skin specialist (dermatologist). Talking about your cancerTalking about cancer can help you to share worries and get support, but it can be hard to know where to start. You might feel awkward, embarrassed or too upset to express yourself the way you want to. Click the link to learn some helpful tips to help you through. Diagnosing cancerInformation about how cancer is diagnosed Non-melanoma skin cancer signs and symptomsSkin cancers do not all look the same. Skin changes that could be skin cancer include: a small lump that is smooth, pearly or waxy a flat, red spot that is scaly, crusty or bleeding Non-melanoma skin cancer after treatmentMost patients who have had treatment for low-risk skin cancer will not need long-term follow up by their hospital consultant. The follow-up will be done by their GP. Coping with side-effects of metastatic prostate cancerMetastatic prostate cancer can cause issues such as urinary problems, bone pain and weakened bones. Find out more about problems you may experience. Participating in Cancer Research ProjectsResearchers are seeking participants at all stages of their cancer diagnosis, or those supporting a person affected by cancer. Your participation is so valuable to informing new treatments and care of people affected by cancer. Click the link to learn more. Cervical cancer screeningInformation about what cervical cancer screening involves and who can take part. Bodyweight and cancerInformation about body weight and how it raises your risk of various kinds of cancer. Children's cancer testsChildren's cancer tests can diagnose cancer or give more information about your child's cancer and their health. Sexual side effects of cervical cancer treatmentYou may have potential sexual side effects after cervical cancer treatment. Click the link to learn about what you can expect, how to get help, and for tips and hints that will help you cope better. Cancer and workA cancer diagnosis will most likely have a big effect on your ability to work, both in the short and long term. Click the link to learn helpful information about managing your work during cancer treatment. Follow-up care after cancer treatmentAfter your cancer treatment has ended, you will still need regular check-ups. This is called follow-up. Click the link to learn about why it's necessary, how to get the best out of it, what to ask your consultant about, and more. Recurrence: When cancer comes back after treatmentIt can be a terrible shock and hard to deal with emotionally if you find out your cancer has come back. Click the link to learn why this may happen and what you can expect. Side-effects of children's cancer treatmentInformation on possible side-effects from children's cancer treatment. After ALL treatmentWhat happens after you recieve the treatment of ALL? Click the link to learn more. Hodgkin lymphoma after treatmentAt first you will see your consultant every 3 months, but these check-ups will become less frequent over time. Follow-up may involve having physical exams, blood tests, and possibly scans. Coping practically and emotionally with children's cancerIt may help to find out more about your child’s illness, treatment and possible side-effects. Your doctors and nurses are the best people to talk to, but you can also get information from booklets, leaflets and online. Click here to read more. ALL Signs and symptomsDid you know? Many ALL symptoms are caused by the change in normal blood cell production. Click the link to learn more. CLL after treatmentAfter your cancer treatment has ended, you will still need regular appointments with your cancer specialist. This is called follow-up. Your doctor will discuss your follow-up plan with you. After treatment for brain tumoursAfter your cancer treatment has ended, you will still need regular appointments with your cancer specialist. This is called follow-up. Your doctor will discuss your follow-up plan with you. Follow-up may involve having a physical exam, blood tests and scans. At first these visits will be quite often. Working with cancer: Employer GuidelinesUnderstanding the needs of an employee with cancer and managing their day-to-day work life helps not only the person facing cancer, but their colleagues and organisation too. Click the link to learn some helpful employee information. CML after treatmentOnce treatment is over and you are in remission, you will carry on taking TKIs. You will need regular check-ups. This is called follow-up. Your doctor will examine you and do blood tests. Coping with Hodgkin lymphomaGetting a Hodgkin lymphoma diagnosis and going through treatment can be challenging. We have information to help you cope with the news that you have cancer and adjust to all the changes this can bring. After AML treatmentOnce treatment is over and you are in remission, you will still need to go back to hospital for regular check-ups. This is called follow-up. Sometimes you may need to go to hospital if you get an infection, as your immune system takes time to recover. Talking about your child’s cancerPerhaps one of the hardest parts of caring for a child with cancer is knowing what to say and how much information to give them and other loved ones. Read on to learn our best tips to help you. ALL Diagnosis and testsYour family doctor (GP) will talk to you about your symptoms and arrange blood tests, if needed. If your blood test is abnormal you will be referred to hospital for more tests. Click the link to learn more. Brain tumour signs and symptomsThe symptoms vary depending on which part of the brain is affected by the tumour. The symptoms also depend on the amount of pressure the tumour is causing. Hodgkin lymphoma sign and symptomsMain symptom of Hodgkin lymphoma can be a painless swelling in the lymph nodes, in your neck, armpit or groin. These lumps may come and go Health literacy – clearer cancer communication for better healthHealth literacy is the ability to get, understand and use healthcare information. Around 1 in 3 people in Ireland have difficulties with health literacy. Click the link to learn more. CLL signs and symptomsCLL symptoms can include the following: getting infections more often and recovering more slowly from infections, tiredness and looking pale, shortness of breath, read more. CML signs and symptomsCML develops very slowly so there may be no symptoms in the early stages. The most common symptoms of CML include: tiredness and looking pale, getting infections more often and recovering more slowly from infections, read more. Coping with brain tumoursGetting a cancer diagnosis and going through treatment can be one of the biggest challenges many people will ever face. AML Signs & symptomsMany of the symptoms are caused because leukaemia can stop your body making enough normal blood cells. Symptoms vary from person to person and on the blood cells affected. Possible symptoms include: Tiredness (fatigue), shortness of breath, weakness, headaches, pale skin, caused by fewer red blood cells (anaemia). Brain tumours treatmentThe best treatment for you will depend on: type of brain tumour, the size of the tumour, the grade of the tumour, what part of the brain is affected and more. Coping with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL)Getting a cancer diagnosis and going through treatment can be one of the biggest challenges many people will ever face. Coping with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML)Getting a cancer diagnosis and going through treatment can be one of the biggest challenges many people will ever face. Coping with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML)Getting an acute myeloid leukaemia cancer diagnosis and going through treatment can be one of the biggest challenges many people will ever face. There are many resources to help you cope, with side effects, your feelings and even financial and practical matters. Hodgkin lymphoma diagnosis and testsThis test involves removing a sample of cells from an enlarged lymph node and looks at them closely under a microscope in the laboratory. If the enlarged node is on your neck, the cells can be taken without putting you to sleep. Diagnosis and tests for chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL)Some tests can help your doctor to learn more about your CLL and how it’s responding to treatment. Tests on blood and bone marrow maybe also be administrated. Hodgkin lymphoma treatmentThe aim of treatment is to put the lymphoma into remission. Remission means the lymphoma is no longer active and is under control. It has been reduced or is gone completely. Diagnosis and tests for acute myeloid leukaemia (AML)Your family doctor (GP) will talk to you about your symptoms and arrange blood tests, if needed for a acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) diagnosis. If your blood test is abnormal you will be referred to hospital for more tests. Tests you might have include: a physical examination, blood tests or a lumbar puncture. CML Diagnosis and testsYour family doctor (GP) will talk to you about your symptoms and arrange blood tests, if needed. If your blood test is abnormal you will be referred to hospital for more tests. Tests you might have include: blood tests, lumbar puncture or bone marrow biopsy.