Sometimes cancer or cancer treatments can make bones weaker and more likely to break (fracture). Looking after your bones can help to reduce the risk of fractures and benefit your overall health.
Physical activity is good for bone health:
It's important to check with your doctor before starting an exercise programme. Your doctor can also refer you to a physiotherapist who can advise you on the best exercise for you.
It is important to keep exercising regularly to get the greatest benefit.
Vitamin D is vital for healthy bones.
The best source of vitamin D is sunlight. Try to expose your hands, face and arms to sunlight for 5-15 minutes 2 or 3 times a week during the summer.
Foods with vitamin D include egg yolks and fish like salmon, mackerel and sardines. Some milk, spreads and breakfast cereals have vitamin D added.
They may recommend you take a vitamin D supplement during the winter months or if you aren't getting a lot of sunlight for another reason.
Don’t take any vitamin or mineral supplements unless your doctor advises you to.
Calcium is found in dairy products like cheese, milk and yoghurt. It’s also found in foods with vitamins and minerals like fortified cereal and oily fish such as sardines, pilchards and salmon.
It’s also found in green vegetables like spinach and kale.
Being a healthy weight is best for the health of your bones. If you are underweight or overweight you may be more prone to bone loss and fractures. Ask your doctor for advice if you are trying to lose or gain weight. They can refer you to a dietitian.
Smoking damages blood vessels, kills the bone-making cells and upsets the balance of hormones that bones need to stay strong.
Caffeine may cause you to pass more calcium in your urine. Limit your intake of energy drinks, dark chocolate and cola and do not drink more than 4 cups of tea or coffee per day.
Too much alcohol can increase your risk of osteoporosis. Limit your risk by avoiding alcohol or staying well within the guideline of no more than 11 standard drinks for women and 17 for men, spread out over the week. A standard drink is ½ pint beer or stout, 1 measure spirits, or a small glass of wine.
Oestrogen
If you are reaching menopause age or having cancer treatment that reduces oestrogen levels, your bones may become weaker, making them fragile and more likely to break. This is because oestrogen helps your body absorb calcium from your gut. Calcium helps to keep bones strong and healthy, so if your body is absorbing less, your bones may become weaker.
Testosterone
Hormone therapy for prostate cancer can lower the level of testosterone in the blood. This can cause problems with your bones also.
If you feel unsteady on your feet talk to your GP. They can refer you to an occupational therapist (OT). The OT can assess your needs and organise equipment like walking aids and grab bars. This equipment can help to keep you and your home safe.
Some medications can also increase the risk of falls (for example, enzalutamide), so take extra care if this applies to you.
Protect yourself at home
Tips to avoid falls
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