Further Tests

If the tests show that you have prostate cancer you may need other tests. This is known as staging. These extra tests are very important because they will show if the disease has spread to other parts of the body. The results of the tests will help to decide on the best treatment for you.

The tests may include all or some of the following:

Bone scan: Bone scans are very sensitive and can detect cancer cells before they show up on an X-ray. For this test a very small amount of mildly radioactive substance is injected into a vein, usually in your arm. A scan is then taken of all the bones in your body. Because abnormal bone absorbs more of the radioactive substance than normal bone, it can show up on the scan.

After the injection you must wait for up to 3 hours before the scan can be taken. You may want to take a book or magazine with you, or a friend to keep you company. The level of radioactivity used in these scans is very low and safe. It disappears from the body within a few hours.

X-rays: You may need bone X-rays if the bone scan shows doubtful areas in certain bones. These X-rays will help to confirm whether you have benign or malignant bone disease.

CT (computerised tomography) scan: This is a special type of X-ray that builds up a detailed picture of the inside of your body. It does not hurt. Before the scan you may have to fast for 4 hours. You may be given a special drink or injection which helps show up parts of the body on the scan. It is important to let the radiographer know if you are allergic to iodine or have asthma before you take the drink or injection. The injection may make you feel hot all over for a few minutes. Preparation for a CT scan can vary. The doctor or nurse will tell you what to do. This test is usually done as an outpatient.

MRI scan: This special type of scan uses magnetic energy to build a picture of tissues inside your body. It does not hurt but it can be noisy. You will be given earplugs to wear during the scan. You may have an injection before the scan to show up certain areas of the body. You cannot wear metal jewellery during the scan. Patients who have certain medical devices implanted, e.g. a pacemaker, are not suitable for the test. The doctor in the hospital will advise you. Most people can go home after the scan.